These include the water boatmen, backswimmers, pond skaters, and giant water bugs. The majority of species are terrestrial, including a number of important agricultural pests, but some are found in freshwater habitats. Other insect orders with more species are all holometabolous, meaning they have a pupal stage and undergo complete metamorphosis. Hemiptera is the largest order of hemimetabolous insects (not undergoing complete metamorphosis though some examples such as male scale insects do undergo a form of complete metamorphosis ), containing over 95,000 named species. Cicadas have been used as food, and have appeared in literature since the Iliad in Ancient Greece. The bed bug is a persistent parasite of humans, and some kissing bugs can transmit Chagas disease. A few hemipterans have been cultivated for the extraction of dyestuffs such as cochineal and carmine, and for shellac. Other species have been used for biological control of insect pests or of invasive plants. Some species, including many aphids, are significant agricultural pests, damaging crops by the direct action of sucking sap, but also harming them indirectly by being the vectors of serious viral diseases. Humans have interacted with the Hemiptera for millennia. Many aphids are capable of parthenogenesis, producing young from unfertilised eggs this helps them to reproduce extremely rapidly in favourable conditions. Hemipterans are hemimetabolous, with young nymphs that somewhat resemble adults. pondskaters, water boatmen, giant water bugs). They live in a wide variety of habitats, generally terrestrial, though some are adapted to life in or on the surface of fresh water (e.g. Some are bloodsucking, or hematophagous, while others are predators that feed on other insects or small invertebrates. Most hemipterans feed on plants, using their sucking and piercing mouthparts to extract plant sap. Balmain bug, Moreton Bay bug, mudbug) and used by physicians and bacteriologists for disease-causing germs (e.g. The term is also occasionally extended to colloquial names for freshwater or marine crustaceans (e.g. Many insects with "bug" in their common name, especially in American English, belong to other orders for example, the lovebug is a fly and the Maybug and ladybug are beetles. In some variations of English, all terrestrial arthropods (including non-insect arachnids, and myriapods) also fall under the colloquial understanding of bug. Įntomologists reserve the term bug for Hemiptera or Heteroptera, which does not include other arthropods or insects of other orders such as ants, bees, beetles, or butterflies. The name "true bugs" is often limited to the suborder Heteroptera. They range in size from 1 mm (0.04 in) to around 15 cm (6 in), and share a common arrangement of piercing-sucking mouthparts. Hemiptera ( / h ɛ ˈ m ɪ p t ər ə/ from Ancient Greek hemipterus 'half-winged') is an order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising over 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, assassin bugs, bed bugs, and shield bugs. Species from each of the four suborders of Hempiptera, clockwise from top-left: Acanthosoma labiduroides ( Heteroptera), Xenophyes forsteri ( Coleorrhyncha), Magicicada septendecim ( Auchenorrhyncha), and Aphids ( Sternorrhyncha).
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